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The Mont Blanc Tunnel is a highway tunnel in Europe, under the Mont Blanc mountain in the Alps. It links Chamonix, Haute-Savoie, France with Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, Italy, via European route E25. The passageway is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes, particularly for Italy, which relies on the tunnel for transporting as much as one-third of its freight to northern Europe. It reduces the route from France to Turin by and to Milan by . Northeast of Mont Blanc's summit, the tunnel is about southwest of the tripoint with Switzerland, near Mont Dolent. Begun in 1957 and completed in 1965, the tunnel is in length, in width, and in height. The passageway is not horizontal, but in a slightly inverted "V", which assists ventilation. The entrance elevation on the French side () is and in Italy (), with a maximum of near the center, a maximum difference of . The tunnel consists of a single gallery with a two-lane dual direction road. At the time of its construction, it tripled the length of any existing highway tunnel. The tunnel passes almost exactly under the summit of the Aiguille du Midi. At this spot, it lies 2480m beneath the surface, making it the world's deepest operational tunnel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Today in Science History )〕 The Gotthard Base Tunnel will be slightly deeper when it opens to traffic in 2016. Plans to widen the tunnel were never implemented because of lack of financing and fierce opposition of local residents who objected to the harmful effects of increased heavy traffic. The Mont Blanc Tunnel was originally managed by two public companies, each managing half of the tunnel: * French side: ATMB (''Autoroutes et tunnels du Mont-Blanc''), founded 30 April 1958 * Italian side: SITMB (''Società italiana per azioni per il Traforo del Monte Bianco''),〔 founded 1 September 1957 After the 1999 fire, which showed how lack of coordination could hamper the safety of the tunnel, all the operations are managed by a single entity: MBT-EEIG, controlled by both ATMB and SITMB together, through a 50–50 shares distribution.〔http://www.atmb.com/atmb/en/tunnel/100/the-mont-blanc-tunnel/the-tunnel-today/a-french-italian-operator.html〕 == Construction statistics == * Workforce: five engineers and 350 workmen worked an estimated grand total of 4.6 million man-hours to complete the project * Explosives: of explosives were used to blast of rock * Energy: 37 million kiloWatt-hour and of fuel for trucks and engines * Other facts: 771,240 bolts, 6,900 drill rods, and of iron were used to support the vault, of formwork for of cement (mixed with of aggregates) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mont Blanc Tunnel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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